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Platforms & theory

AI Systems

How language models actually work.

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  • 01·150 XP
    Tokenization
    Text becomes numbers. Numbers become predictions.
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  • 02·150 XP
    Embeddings
    Vectors encode meaning. Proximity implies similarity.
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  • 03·150 XP
    Vectors and Similarity
    Direction encodes relationship. Cosine measures it.
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  • 04·200 XP
    Attention
    Every token asks: which other tokens matter to me?
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  • 05·200 XP
    Transformers
    Stacked attention and FFN layers compose into a world model.
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  • 06·175 XP
    Neural Networks
    Differentiable functions, composed to approximate anything.
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  • 07·200 XP
    Training
    Gradient descent plus billions of tokens equals a world model.
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  • 08·200 XP
    Fine-tuning
    Pre-train for knowledge. Fine-tune for behaviour.
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  • 09·200 XP
    Scaling Laws
    More compute, more data, more parameters — predictable gains.
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  • 10·175 XP
    Generation
    Logits in. Sampled tokens out. Repeat until done.
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  • 11·175 XP
    Prompt Engineering
    Precise inputs. Predictable outputs.
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  • 12·250 XP
    Agents
    Observe. Think. Act. Repeat until done.
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